Interactive case file · Andalucia, Spain

Measuring Ground Motion from Space

Area-based measurements, optical context and explicit limits—demonstrated on two public sites using the same 91 Sentinel-1 passes.

Riotinto and Las Cruces line-of-sight velocity maps displayed side by side
Two radar-derived velocity maps. Red indicates movement away from the satellite; the site comparison is historical.
0.0 haabove threshold outside Riotinto's site and surrounding exclusion area
9,766.7 haoutside area checked
3 / 3Riotinto derived areas repeated across split runs
91passes at each site

01 · Controlled comparison

Same satellite dates. Different ground.

Both public examples use the same orbit and passes from 3 January 2018 to 27 June 2019. Neither operator is a client. The measurements are retrospective and do not describe current conditions.

Riotinto · Control case

Expected signatures of mine working

Derived areas
3
Outside area above threshold
0.0 ha
Split-run differences
1.4 / -0.8 / -1.6 mm/yr

The three areas sit on the working pit floor and tailings surfaces. Rates are along the satellite line of sight.

Cobre Las Cruces · Method case

A documented historical event

Derived areas
4
Best split difference
1.0 mm/yr
Still-ground spread
10.51 mm/yr

Two areas beyond the supplied polygon sit on the mine's tailings and water-management facility. They are a boundary caveat, not detections on unrelated ground.

02 · Figure library

Follow the result back to its context

Switch between velocity maps, optical context, area-median plots and site summaries. Click a figure to enlarge it. Optical brightness differences are not measured change.

Riotinto velocityThe green outlines are derived from the radar measurements; all rates are along the satellite line of sight.

03 · Verification

What held, and what did not

These checks are presented beside the findings so the cleaner Riotinto result does not conceal the wider spread at Las Cruces.

Riotinto

Control result

Outside ground checked
9,766.7 ha
Outside area above threshold
0.0 ha
Still-ground robust spread
5.88 mm/yr
Still-point median
+0.9 mm/yr

All three reported areas recur in the split runs and are attributed to ordinary mine working.

Cobre Las Cruces

Harder method case

Derived areas
4
Still-ground robust spread
10.51 mm/yr
Still-point median
−0.2 mm/yr
Closest split-run difference
1.0 mm/yr

Movement is measurable, but this series does not reproduce the published pre-event acceleration. Two areas beyond the supplied boundary belong to the mine's tailings and water-management facility.

Interpretation boundary

This retrospective case file uses public satellite data and supplied analysis boundaries. It is not a current site assessment, safety determination, engineering advice or forecast. The Las Cruces series does not resolve the acceleration described in the published study. Data and interpretations may contain errors or omissions; decisions affecting safety, property, operations or compliance require independent, site-specific verification by qualified professionals. Neither site operator was involved or is a client.

Attribution and method boundary

Attribution

  • Radar figures and derived area outlines: contains modified Copernicus Sentinel-1 data, 3 January 2018 to 27 June 2019; analysis by Monopteryx.
  • Optical context: contains modified Copernicus Sentinel-2 data from 28 March 2018, 29 October 2018, 28 March 2019 and 27 April 2019.
  • Site polygons are supplied analysis inputs, not official property or operational boundaries.
  • Historical reference: López-Vinielles et al. (2020), Las Cruces case study; no claim of numerical agreement.

What is shown

  • Radar-derived areas and line-of-sight rates.
  • Area-median time series rather than selected cells.
  • Optical attribution of the surfaces beneath each outline.
  • No processing settings, threshold constants or raw pipeline files.